What are all the differences between turbocharging and traditional naturally aspirated?

As most people know, small-displacement turbocharging in terms of data, can be comparable to large-displacement naturally aspirated peak torque, to have a surging acceleration feeling, but lack the naturally aspirated that the linear and controllable driving posture, however, they are more than different from each other.

Why turbocharging is all the rage:

The main reason is still determined by how Europe and China collect taxes based on engine cylinder volume (i.e. Displacement). Europe is the traditional market, while China is the fastest-growing emerging market!

China after 2009, 1.0L and below displacement, automobile consumption tax 1%; 1.5 to 1.0L, consumption tax 3%; 1.5 to 2.0L, consumption tax is 5%; 2.0 to 2.5, consumption tax 9%; 2.5 to 3.0, consumption tax 12%; 3.0 to 4.0, consumption tax 25%; more than 4.0, consumption tax 40%.

In addition, the excise tax is not a purchase tax! Rather, it is an in-price tax paid by the manufacturer! It’s also affected by the VAT of 1.17! A 150,000 car, with a 1.5T engine and with a 2.0L engine, due to the different displacement, just in the excise tax, at least the difference of more than 3,000 yuan in cost, for the monthly sales of tens of thousands of cars, it is a 360 million yuan a year difference! If you use a 1.0T engine, the cost of saving is directly doubled! That’s why three-cylinder supercharged engines are all the rage now.

About the design structure and working principle of each of the two: “The way the engine intakes air”!

Regarding the power of the engine, it is produced by air intake, fuel injection, then compression, and work. If you want more power, you need to increase the amount of air intake and fuel injection on top of the original one, so as to improve the power of the engine and produce more horsepower. Turbocharging is the product of this idea.

What is a naturally aspirated engine:
That is, the engine does not have any air intake supercharging equipment. It relies entirely on the negative pressure generated by the piston movement in the engine to inhale air and combustible mixture. To put it plainly, that is, when the car is working, its intake pipe is equivalent to a vacuum tube, the air pressure is pressed into the intake manifold by the atmospheric pressure, just like our usual breathing “inhalation”!

What is a turbocharged engine:
It is a technology that utilizes the exhaust gases generated from the operation of an internal combustion engine to drive an air compressor, which increases air intake by compressing the air. It uses the inertial impulse of the exhaust gases from the engine to push the turbine in the turbine chamber, which in turn drives the coaxial impeller, which presses the air sent from the air filter pipe to pressurize the air into the cylinders, thus making it more powerful.

Tips 1: The turbo lag phenomenon, refers to the turbocharged models in the big foot on the gas pedal at the moment, the acceleration will be in about 1.2 seconds (naturally aspirated engine response time of about 0.2 seconds) before the release of the resulting delay, this is because the turbocharging is also known as the exhaust gas supercharging, the higher the engine speed, the greater the power generated by the exhaust gas blowing, the faster the speed of the exhaust impeller, to drive the intake impeller faster and faster. When a big foot is pressed on the gas pedal, the exhaust gas is not yet produced in large quantities, and the intake impeller is still idling, which is why a certain amount of retardation occurs.

Tips 2: Regarding the torque plateau, a turbocharged engine is deliberately lowering the air intake by controlling the turbo speed. The intake capacity of a turbocharger is more than the vast majority of engines need, and once maximum torque is reached it is necessary to open the turbo bypass valve to control the turbo speed, and therefore the intake. The maximum torque setting depends on the design life of the engine!

About power handling

Compared with naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines of the same displacement, turbocharging is more powerful. Taking 2.0L and 2.0T as an example, the power of the turbocharged engine is equivalent to the self-absorbed engine of the same displacement by about 30%-50%, which means that, in terms of power, 2.0T is equivalent to the naturally aspirated engine of 2.7-3.0L.

In the case of the same horsepower, naturally aspirated will respond more quickly. For example, 2.0L compared to 1.5T, low-speed, due to turbo intervention requires a certain speed to support, good in the current turbo general speed start lower, generally about 1200 intervention party to get the maximum torque output, but taking into account the phenomenon of turbo lag, large-displacement naturally aspirated 2.0L will correspondingly be more linear and direct. When the revs are in the mid-range of 3,000 rpm, the power of the turbo is stronger, and when the revs climb to 4,500 or even higher, the large-displacement naturally-aspirated engine appears to have more power.

The turbo lag isn’t without a solution, though; the way to improve the power response of a turbocharged engine is to increase the revs! Therefore, most models that favor sporty performance will keep the revs above 2,500 or even 3,000 rpm when switching to S to increase the power response. Accordingly, gas mileage is naturally much higher.

About Driving Comfort

Comfort is naturally superior to naturally aspirated, because the turbocharged engine will have turbo intervention, often the power output is not so linear, and occasionally there will be sudden acceleration problems, while self-absorption of the power is more linear performance, even in the uphill, but also can be very good to find a point to stop the car, which is the turbo can not do.

Considering from the turbo lag point of view, compared with self-absorption engines of the same period and power, turbocharging is not good in working conditions that require fast power response, such as following a car in urban areas; turbocharging is suitable for steady-state output working conditions, such as viaducts and highway road conditions.

About fuel economy

Looking at the whole car, the supercharged engine is theoretically more fuel efficient due to its high and low-speed torque, which allows it to be low-speed, plus lower engine mass, but the turbo needs to run on low RPM to highlight its fuel economy advantage. So the conclusion is: same power (torque and power) turbo saves fuel, same displacement self-absorption saves fuel.

The theory is based on:

• turbocharging can squeeze the power, to ensure the same power output, the engine can be miniaturized, displacement reduction, reduce the quality and volume, quality reduction will inevitably bring the vehicle fuel economy.
• due to the cylinder reduction design, the engine friction loss of power will reduce some, so that the thermal efficiency and improve a little bit, fuel economy.
• the engine is generally in the large load area and has the best fuel economy, when the engine miniaturization, the engine load usage rate increases.
• supercharged engines have much lower pumping losses compared to naturally aspirated due to high intake pressure. Pump gas is a piston in pumping, to force.

Turbo or naturally aspirated

For young people, a turbocharged model can satisfy some power preferences, and the price can be lower now. For ordinary family consumers and middle-aged users, naturally aspirated is relatively more affordable. From a practical point of view, naturally aspirated engines are good for maintenance, which is not comparable to turbocharging.

Overall, self-absorption and turbo have their own merits and demerits, but small-displacement turbo is still the current trend, manufacturers will basically tune out the characteristics of low speed and high torque, which is suitable for urban road conditions, and fuel economy is also better to a certain extent. Domestic emission standards are being updated more and more quickly, and self-absorption models with large displacements will inevitably become fewer and fewer.

The reason for this is that turbocharging offers a significant cost advantage in terms of savings on manufacturer’s excise tax and owner’s purchase tax! If a turbo doesn’t offer an attractive enough price for the same power, then why not go for a smoother, more responsive self-priming engine?

Throughout the day, although many car owners will criticize turbos in a hundred different ways, the truth is that the benefits that turbos bring, far outweigh the disadvantages. The key is that the shortcomings of the turbo are constantly being weakened, and even some manufacturers have introduced electric turbos as well as twin superchargers, and the phenomenon of turbo lag is gradually being weakened. Turbo and self-absorption have been fighting for so many years, although the turbo has won a large area, the mantis is catching the cicada and the yellow bird is in the back, and this yellow bird is the new energy vehicle.

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